Pdf this study focused on the significance of land reform programme in zimbabwe. A mere reference to land reforms in zimbabwe raised eyebrows. Fast track land reform in zimbabwe written by claudia irigoyen africa infrastructure economics and finance the zimbabwean government began its land reforms in the 1980s to address the imbalances in land access ownership and use that had existed in the country before independence. The first phase land reform programme immediately after the attainment of independence in 1980, the new government launched the first phase of the resettlement programme in september. Will zimbabwes economic downfall be repeated in south africa. Land reform is probably one of the most difficult domestic policy issues to be dealt with by zimbabwe, namibia, south africa and australia.
Robert mugabe wanted to use his land reform program to eliminate the traces of colonialism by giving farms to black. The effect of the fast track phase of land reform on the financial sector was catastrophic, because most banks in zim held collectively billions of dollars worth of bonds on the commerci. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the land. Efficiency effects zimbabwes agricultural mechanization. This is further corroborated by literature from undergraduate and postgraduate students who have done researchwork on resettlement areas, especially in masvingo province. That programme was implemented last year by mnangagwa, when. Efficiency effects zimbabwes agricultural mechanization and fast track land reform programme.
This policy allowed government to acquire, for compensation, land that it deemed. In each of these countries the process of land reform is incomplete. Pdf an examination of the significance of land reform. Land has been a source of political conflict in zimbabwe since colonization, when the country was known as rhodesia, both within indigenous black communities and especially between white settlers and the black rural communities.
In the analysis provided here, use is made of the cost estimates presented by these authors. There is widespread agreement on the need for land reform in zimbabwe as a means of reducing poverty. World media demonised zimbabwe and the fasttrack land reforms which were initiated in 1999. The land reform programme in zimbabwe has been a major area of international discussion for almost five years now. The land reform in zimbabwe was organised in line with that slogan and had the following basic elements of speed, which made it to be known as the fast track land reform. Thus, mashonaland east province was selected as a case study because historically this province suffered a lot in the first and second chimurenga wars. Section 2 discusses the land reform programme in zimbabwe since independence.
Land reform in zimbabwe, 19801990 robin palmer introduction on 18 april 1990 zimbabwe celebrates the 10th anniversary of its independence. Land reform programme ftlrp, which started in 2000, has created an expanded number and array of small, medium and large scale farms, and effectively transferring ownership from the minority, white farmers to new indigenous farmers. Overall impacts of fast track land reform programme. The negative impacts of land reform on the status of large carnivores documented here could be reduced by modifying the way in which land reform programmes are implemented. This has involved a detailed study of what happened to peoples. Land reform in zimbabwe officially began in 1980 with the signing of the lancaster house. This pdf is made available under a creative commons. The impact of land reform in zimbabwe on the conservation of cheetahs and other large carnivores.
Most coverage of zimbabwes land reform insists that agricultural production has almost totally collapsed, that food insecurity is rife, that rural economies are in. Zimbabwe was only able to acquire 3 million hectares 7. Political economy analysis of fast track land reform programme in zimbabwe arnold rangarirayi chamunogwa a minithesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in governance and development at the institute of development studies, university of sussex. The fasttrack land reform and agrarian change in zimbabwe. For example, in the twentieth century, many land reforms emerged from a particular political ideology, such as communism or socialism. Land reform is a zimbabwe success story it will be the. Fast track land reform in zimbabwe centre for public. The zimbabwean government will then at last be able to tackle the contentious and highly politicised land. Besides redistributing land, this phase also focused on developing rural areas through the. Economic benefits and costs of land redistribution in zimbabwe in. Land reform in the twenty years after independence. Whilst there are some a2 farmers who have made a success out of their allocation of land, it is on a much smaller scale than what was previously being done. Political economy analysis of fast track land reform programme in zimbabwe.
More specifically, this paper asse sses trends in agricultural. But conditions were put on the way that the money handed over could be used. Land reform is a zimbabwe success story it will be the basis for economic recovery under mnangagwa november 29, 2017 9. Advantages of land reform is that it will give property rights. In 2000, however, a fasttrack land reform programme ftlrp was initiated, resulting in the. Zimbabwes fast track land reform program ftlrp formally began with the land acquisition act of 2002. A small minority of white largescale commercial farmers owned and. Research work on the performance of zimbabwes land reforms, more so the extent to which the programme has contributed to poverty reduction is quite limited. The government came up with new and revised land reform policy after 1990, passing the land acquisition act in 1992, which was supposed to speed up the land reform process through land designation and compulsory acquisition. Land reform in zimbabwe has been highly controversial.
Redistributive land reform and poverty reduction in zimbabwe. Pdf the research analysed the impacts of land reform programme on politico economic development in zimbabwe using the case of. A critical analysis of the land reform programme in zimbabwe. These studies have reported an internal rate of return to the program that exceeds 20%. Irin zimbabwes fasttrack land reform programme has ignored the critical role played. The second phase of the land redistribution and resettlement programme in the form of the fast track land reform programme ftlrp, which started in 2000, has created an expanded number and array of small, medium and large scale farms, and effectively transferring ownership from the minority, white farmers to new indigenous farmers. A quantitative analysis of zimbabwes land reform policy core. A 1998 survey of farm workers in zimbabwe detailing their demographic, and skill, land access and viewpoints of land reform and redistribution is used to examine the very real constraints and the possibilities for poverty reduction among longstanding marginalized social groups in the ongoing fasttrack land resettlement in zimbabwe. Firstly, the model of land reform that was applied under zimbabwes ftlrp considered agricultural models at the expense of a wildlifebased model. The fast track land reform programme ftlrp in zimbabwe has been the focus of. With these indicators, the viability of land reform in zimbabwe is questionable.
As a zimbabwean working with former farm workers in zimbabwe, i would have to say that, from my experience, the land reform programme has been as destructive as the media makes out. An adapted version of this paper appears in the edited collection post independence land reform in zimbabwe, published in may 2004 by the friedrich ebert stiftung in harare. The land reform programme was described as illegal and a failure. Evaluate the failures and or successes of land tenure reform in zimbabwe. Pdf overall impacts of fast track land reform programme.
Chisango1 and ajuruchukwu obi2 department of agricultural economics and extention university of fort hare, alice abstract a development goal pursued by the zimbabwean government even before the muchmaligned fast. Robert mugabe promised a new revolutionary land reform programme, to redistribute land without inhibitions. There is a curious relationship between land, politics and elections in southern africa. The invasion of the largely whiteowned farms, accompanied by violent evictions and wholesale and wanton destruction and looting in 2000, led to a crisis between the judiciary and the executive that resulted in most of the judiciary being forced out of office. These arguments vary tremendously over time and place. It has led to zimbabwes economic and social collapse. This study focused on the significance of land reform programme in zimbabwe. This website presents material linked to an ongoing research project in masvingo province in the southeast of the country. Land reform, sanctions, regime change, and sovereignty. The first phase of land reform was implemented in zimbabwe in the 1980s, so when the ftlrp was launched the government had experience of the nature of the process and its repercussions. Zimbabwes land reform since 2000 has been intensely controversial.
Despite extensive financial assistance from the uk, the first phase of zimbabwe s land reform programme was widely regarded as unsuccessful. His latest publication by zed books is biofuels, land grabbing and food. Pdf the research analysed the impacts of land reform programme on politicoeconomic development in zimbabwe using the case of. This movement was officially termed the fasttrack land reform program ftlrp. Zimbabwe received financial assistance for land reform during the 1980s and 1990s from various governments. Africa zimbabwes fasttrack land reform shows little benefit 15 years on. In 2000, zimbabwes government expropriated white farmers without compensation. The social, political and economic transformative impact of the fast track land reform programme on the lives of women farmers in goromonzi and vungugweru districts of zimbabwe page 1 table of contents list of tables, figures and boxes ii introduction 1 1. During the first and second phases of the land reform programme government pursued a narrowly defined land reform programme which focused solely on the in his ph. Land reform in zimbabwe free international relations and. Prior to 2000 zimbabwe was hailed as a conservation success story, with large areas of commercial private land outside of national parks being used to support wildlife. Zimbabwe, on one side of the spectrum, is facing a crisis in. Much of this land was previously cattle ranches, with limited. The need for land reform south africa suffered a long history of colonization, racial domination and land dispossession that.
In this section, we zero in on masvingo province in the central south and east of the country. A total of 712 of these claims, for 292 995 hectares, were settled between 2009 and december. The lessons from zimbabwes land reform for its neighbors. Political economy analysis of fast track land reform. Overturning the settler colonial pattern of land use and creating a new agrarian structure has had farreaching consequences. Land reform is a deeply political process and therefore many arguments for and against it have emerged. Land reform, sanctions, regime change, and sovereignty one of the enduring problems of the zimbabwe crisis revolves around understanding the meaning of the terms employed by the respective protagonists to describe the crisis, whether they are zimbabwean, african, or western. At this early stage, there is little to suggest that south africa will follow the same path as zimbabwe. He has published widely and has contributed to many national, regional and international networks on land and agrarian reform issues.
At independence in 1980 zimbabwe inherited a highly skewed pattern of land distribution. Pdf political economy analysis of fast track land reform. Usaidzimbabwe and the land tenure center of the university of wisconsin to provide technical assistance, training, capacity building and research in support of zimbabwes land reform and resettlement program ii lrrp ii. Disparity between policy design and implementation medicine masiiwa institute of development studies university of zimbabwe may 2004 note. Print and ebook editions of this work are available to zed.
Simultaneously, the famous lancaster house constitution expires. Land has been a source of political conflict in zimbabwe since colonization, when the country was known as rhodesia, both. Race gender and class in the government of commercial farm workers in hurunawe district. Zimbabwes often violent land reform programme has not been the complete economic disaster widely portrayed, a new study has found. This papers assesses the overall impacts of the gove rnments fast track land reform programme on the agricultural sector.
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